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141 lines
7 KiB
Markdown
141 lines
7 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: HTML · 基础笔记
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created: 2021-12-06T11:59:47+08:00
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slug: html-notes
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tags:
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- HTML
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lastmod: 2022-05-07T05:30:47.655Z
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---
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课程：[Build Responsive Real-World Websites with HTML and CSS](https://www.udemy.com/course/design-and-develop-a-killer-website-with-html5-and-css3/)
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## HTML 是什么
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HyperTextMarkupLanguage
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[HTML 元素参考 - HTML（超文本标记语言） | MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/HTML/Element)
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## 基本组成
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以`<p>Hello!</p>`为例子：
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1. opening tag:`<p>`
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2. content : `Hello!`
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3. closing tag: `</p>`
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## 框架
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```html
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head lang="语言代码">
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<meta charset="UTF-8" />
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<title>这是标题的位置，head里面的东西都看不见（一般来说）</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>一级标题</h1>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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## attributes
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- 用来描述元素 elements
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- pieces of data
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| attributes | |
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| ---------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| src | sources |
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| alt\* | alternative text (describe what the image are ) good for SEO/blind people |
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| width | 宽度 |
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| height | 高度 |
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| href | 超链接 `#`表示回到页首 |
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| target | 在哪个窗口打开\_blank 新窗口 `_self` 旧窗口 `_top`顶部 `_parent` 父级窗口，如果有窗口层级的话 |
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## tags
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| | |
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| ---------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| head | 在页面中不可见的元素，如页面标题、link to css files…… |
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| main | 文章的主要内容（HTML5 中新增） |
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| body | 页面的主要内容 |
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| section | 区块(semeantic HTMl |
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| h1 | 标题，一个页面只能有一个 h1 |
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| p | 段落 |
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| span | 行内文本 |
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| `<!— —>` | 注释 |
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| b | **加粗**，和`<strong>`不同，它没有语意，是过时的表述 |
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| strong | **加粗**，表示是页面中重要的元素 |
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| i | _斜体_，过时的表述，应用`<em>` |
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| em | _斜体_，emphasize |
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| ol | 1. order list 数字排序 |
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| ul | . unorder list |
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| li | list item 列 ,用在 ol/ul 里面 |
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| img | 图片 特殊类型，不需要包含内容，需要 attributes( src/alt/width/height) |
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| meta | data about data meta charset=”UTF-8” |
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| a | anchor 超链接（attribute:href) |
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| header | 页头(container |
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| nav | 导航 ( container |
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| menu | 菜单，web application 常用 |
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| article | 内容(container |
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| footer | 页脚(container |
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| div | 无意义内容区块 |
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| br/ | 断行 |
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| aside | 次级信息/额外信息 |
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| figure | 常用于 feature cards/coding list…… |
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| figcaption | 图片脚注(只能在 figure 里面用) |
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| form | 表单 |
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| input | 输入框 |
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| label | 表单输入标题（也许 |
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| table | 表格 |
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| thead | 表头 |
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| tbody | 表体 |
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| th | 表头单元格 |
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| tr | table row |
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| td | table data |
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| address | 地址 |
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| s | 删除 |
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| blockquote | 引言 |
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- `<button>` 和`< a>` 的区别：
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- button ：一种页面内操作
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- a: 页面跳转
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## HTML entity
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特殊符号速查表
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[Glyphs | CSS-Tricks](https://css-tricks.com/snippets/html/glyphs/)
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## semantic HTML
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- use semantic elements instead of others, such as `<div>` / `<b>`
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- semantic HTML good for SEO and accessibility
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## 空格
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` `
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## 当 div 中用 css 设置了图片时
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```html
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<div class="image" role="img" arial-label="description about the image"></div>
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```
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## 随堂练习
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### 商品卡片
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<iframe height="300" style="width: 100%;" scrolling="no" title="html2" src="https://codepen.io/sevichee/embed/yLzErOL?default-tab=html%2Cresult" frameborder="no" loading="lazy" allowtransparency="true" allowfullscreen="true">
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See the Pen <a href="https://codepen.io/sevichee/pen/yLzErOL">
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html2</a> by Sowhere (<a href="https://codepen.io/sevichee">@sevichee</a>)
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on <a href="https://codepen.io">CodePen</a>.
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</iframe>
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### 分页器 pagination
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<iframe height="300" style="width: 100%;" scrolling="no" title="pagination" src="https://codepen.io/sevichee/embed/ZEXqREG?default-tab=html%2Cresult" frameborder="no" loading="lazy" allowtransparency="true" allowfullscreen="true">
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See the Pen <a href="https://codepen.io/sevichee/pen/ZEXqREG">
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pagination</a> by Sowhere (<a href="https://codepen.io/sevichee">@sevichee</a>)
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on <a href="https://codepen.io">CodePen</a>.
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</iframe>
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